Due to the radiative thermal conductivity of the mineral olivine, only oceanic plates over 60 million years old and subducting at more than 10 centimeters per year remain sufficiently cold to ...

The processes that take place beneath the surface of the planet are not a mystery, but they do carry a few gray areas. Recently, researchers found the first evidence of a “ghost plume” beneath the ...

For the first time, scientists have directly measured the amount of heat flowing from the molten metal of Earth’s core into a region at the base of the mantle, a process that helps drive both the ...