Random walks constitute one of the most fundamental models in the study of stochastic processes, representing systems that evolve in a sequence of random steps. Their applications range from modelling ...

Markov processes form a fundamental class of stochastic models in which the evolution of a system is delineated by the memoryless property. In such processes, the future state depends solely on the ...

Such approximations are often derived in the field of stochastic mathematical modeling because simulations of the stochastic process are inefficient to address such questions as optimum treatment ...

Several vendors are rolling out next-generation inspection systems and software that locates problematic defects in chips caused by processes in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. Each defect ...