Corrected: An earlier version of this study incorrectly described the 1998 study by Paul Black and Dylan Wiliam. It is a literature review. If you ask five teachers what formative assessment is, ...

There’s a war of sorts going on within the normally staid assessment industry, and it’s a war over the definition of a type of assessment that many educators understand in only the sketchiest fashion.

Formative assessments are tools used during instruction to provide real-time feedback, helping both students and educators make immediate improvements. Unlike summative assessments, which evaluate ...

Formative assessment is meant for learning assessment, i.e., it is used to measure how much a student has learned up to a particular period. Teachers use formative assessments to evaluate a student’s ...

Evidence is gathered about student achievement or understanding. The information allows the instructor or learner to alter future instructional steps. It is done to improve learning outcomes (Black & ...

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There are countless ways to assess students. Speaking broadly, two key assessment categories are “summative” and “formative”. Summative assessment, often the most popular one, aims to measure how much ...

Standard Eight pupils at M M Shah Primary School in Kisumu town sit for their Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE) examination last year. Under the new system, KCPE and the Kenya Certificate ...

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