Hot-swap circuits are among those measures put in place to protect equipment or personnel, or both. Some power supplies, for example, have built-in and adjustable current limiting (standard in ...

• The inductance in a stepper-motor phase winding limits how fast current rises when power is applied. • Series-resistor current limiting needs higher voltages for faster step rates, but higher ...

Download this article in PDF format. It’s now common to see circuit boards that carry hundreds of amps, especially in intensive data-processing applications, electric vehicles, and ac distribution.